Occurrence of Intestinal and Urine Parasite Prevalence in Alkhalawi Students, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Investigation

Background: Parasitic diseases were some of the leading causes of global mortality, with higher burdens of prevalence in developing countries, especially regions of the world with contaminated water and poor personal hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of intestinal and urinary parasites among Alkhalawi students in Rabak City, White Nile State, Sudan.

Subjects and Methods: In this study, 150 stool and 150 urine samples were collected from Alkhalawi students (all were males). The stool samples were processed by direct wet preparation and the formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT), and the urine samples were processed by the sedimentation technique.

Results: The results revealed that out of the 150 stool and 150 urine samples, 37 were found positive for intestinal and urinary parasites; this constituted an overall prevalence rate of 12.3%. The highest prevalence rate (28%) was reported among the 11-15-year-old age groups, while the lowest prevalence rate (0%) was reported among the 21-25-year-old age groups. The prevalence rate of different parasites was as follows: Giardia lamblia (11.3%), Entamoeba histolytica (8%), Hymenolepis nana (2.7%), and Schistosoma haematobium (3.3%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites (21.3%) was higher than that of urinary parasites (3.3%). The study showed that 24% were infected with a single infection, and 0.6% were infected with a mixed infection.

Conclusion: From the result, we concluded that intestinal and urinary parasites are highly prevalent among the Alkhalawi students in Rabak City. Giardia lamblia is more likely to occur among the Alkhalawi students followed by Entamoeba histolytica. The highest infection rate was reported among the 11-15-year-age groups. The formalin-ether concentration technique proved to be more efficient than the direct wet preparation technique.