GLP-1 Agonist in the Treatment of Parkinson, New Innovations: A Literature Review

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by the gradual deterioration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to severe motor and non-motor symptoms. Conventional treatments primarily focus on symptom management rather than addressing the underlying disease progression. However, recent scientific investigations have illuminated the potential of GLP-1 agonists in offering neuroprotection and enhancing motor function among individuals with PD. Originally designed to tackle type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonists have attracted considerable interest due to their multifaceted impacts extending beyond glycemic regulation. In the realm of PD, preclinical trials have unveiled the neuroprotective attributes of GLP-1 agonists, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neurotrophic properties. These mechanisms present a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention aimed at slowing down or even arresting the progression of PD. Numerous clinical studies have explored the efficacy of GLP-1 agonists in PD patients, yielding promising outcomes. Exenatide, a commonly studied GLP-1 agonist, has shown improvements in motor symptoms, as well as potential disease-modifying effects. Other GLP-1 agonists, such as Liraglutide and Dulaglutide, have also exhibited promising results in small-scale trials. However, challenges such as optimal dosing, long-term safety, and patient selection remain to be addressed. Continued research efforts are warranted to refine GLP-1 agonist therapy and pave the way for improved outcomes in PD management. This article aims to review all the aspects related to Parkinson’s disease and the usage of GLP-1 agonists in the affected patients. It shall reflect upon all the relevant information that is required for a physician to know before diagnosing such conditions and prescribing the appropriate medications for the patients.