Measurement of the Outcome of Low Dose of 0.5% Bupivacaine Heavy in Spinal Anesthesia during Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS)

Background: Spinal anesthesia for lower segment cesarean sections is not without its challenges for anesthesiologists, such as severe hypotension from too much bupivacaine or insufficient anesthetic from too little.

Objective: In this study our main goal is to measure the efficacy of low dose of 0.5% Bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia during lower segment cesarean section.

Methods: This investigation was conducted at a tertiary medical institution as a cross-sectional comparison study between January 2020 and January 2021, where one hundred pregnant ladies participated.

Patients who volunteered to take part in the trial were randomly split into two groups: Group A got an intrathecal injection of 3 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (n=50), while Group B received an intrathecal injection of 2.5 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (n=50). Tossing a coin was used as a randomizer. The patient's heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were taken before receiving anesthesia. Each patient underwent a subarachnoid block (SAB) using a 25-gauge Quincke spinal needle using a midline route after being preloaded with 800 ml to 1000 ml of isotonic intravenous fluid. The entire process of injecting the hyperbaric bupivacaine took no more than twenty to thirty seconds.

The needle's bevel was aligned with the dura's fibers. All of the data was entered into SPSS-25 after being coded. Statisticians used both descriptive and inferential methods. Percentages, means, standard deviations, graphs, tables, figures, and inferential statistics were all part of the descriptive statistics.

Results: Most participants were between the ages of 26 and 33, and between 60% and 70% were multiparous over the course of the research.

In both groups, all patients were able to reach a suitable sensory level for surgical intervention, as shown below. However, ephedrine was advised for 89% of Group B patients to help stabilize their blood pressure, whereas only 19% of Group A patients needed ephedrine. There were no significant variations in fluid consumption (P > 0.05) between Groups A and C (894 126 mL vs. 720 212 mL). The newborn's Apgar score was 9 at 1 minutes and 10 at 5 minutes. Also, although 19% of people in group A reported feeling sick, 23% of people in group B did.

Conclusion: A lower segment cesarean section performed under an optimal dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine in the spinal anesthesia will produce excellent surgical conditions with little hypotension, in contrast to the low dose. Improved results require more research..