Potential for Neutralizing Chicken Egg Yolk (Igy) Generated against Mastitis Bovine, Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Introduction: Mastitis is a complex disease, defined as an inflammation of parenchymal cells of mammary glands. It is a most common disease in dairy cattle. More than 250 microbes are found to cause mastitis. Recent report shows that total loss of about $2295/month in worldwide due to mastitis.

Researchgap/Challenges: Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) provides an inexpensive and effective source of antibodies for the passive immunization of animals. It is a promising alternative for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections, and has shown to be effective against a number of pathogens.

Aim: To develop an inexpensive and effective source of antibodies by using chicken egg yolk against mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bovine.

Methodology: Bovine mastitis infected milk sample was collected in and around Coimbatore, India. Initial step was to isolate and identify the microbes like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from milk samples of cattle infected with mastitis. Then to prepare and standardize the whole cell antigen of Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by generation of antibodies against the prepared antigens in 21-weeks old white Leghorn chickens. Next step includes purification and characterization of anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae IgY and anti - Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY antibodies from the egg yolk of immunized chickens. Finally, to evaluate the specificity of the purified IgY by Indirect ELISA and to measure the inhibitory activity of the IgY against the pathogens by growth inhibition assay.

Results: Cell antigen was prepared. Anti- Klebsiella pneumoniae IgY and anti - Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY were recovered from chicken egg yolk that was detected by protein estimation (Lowry et al technique) and ELISA. In Lowry et al method (1951) total anti P. aeruginosa IgY was found to be 0.511 mg ml-1 and total anti K. pneumoniae IgY was found to be 0.522 mg ml-1.

Conclusion: Generated antibodies were identified as very specific to the immunization antigen. Based on invitro studies generated antibodies were specific to immunized antigen. It concluded that it will be useful or therapeutic after further conformation.