Molecular Basis of Self-Incompatibility in Plants: Unraveling Nature's Genetic Check Against Self-fertilization

Self-incompatibility mechanism is critical for the reproductive success of many plant species, as they prevent self-fertilization and promote outcrossing. This review delves into the molecular basis of self-incompatibility in plants, aiming to unravel the intricate genetic and biochemical activities that underlie this essential biological phenomenon. The central focus of this review is on the mechanisms by which plants recognize and reject self-pollen, ultimately ensuring the maintenance of genetic diversity. Key components, including S-alleles, S-RNases, and receptor kinases, are explored in detail to elucidate their roles in self-incompatibility. Furthermore, this review discusses the implications of understanding these molecular mechanisms for both plant breeding and conservation efforts. Despite significant progress that has been accomplished in deciphering the molecular basis of self-incompatibility, there are still numerous unanswered questions and promising avenues for future research. Topics such as the evolution of self-incompatibility systems and the potential applications of manipulating these mechanisms for crop improvement are highlighted. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular intricacies behind self-incompatibility in plants. The insights obtained from this research not only contribute to our understanding of plant reproduction but also endure practical implications for agriculture and the preservation of plant biodiversity.